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The divide over race is usually framed as one over Black and White. Sociologist Eileen O’Brien is interested in that middle terrain, what sits in the ever-increasing gray area she dubbed the racial middle.
The Racial Middle, tells the story of the other racial and ethnic groups in America, mainly Latinos and Asian Americans, two of the largest and fastest-growing minorities in the United States. Using dozens of in-depth interviews with people of various ethnic and generational backgrounds, Eileen O’Brien challenges the notion that, to fit into American culture, the only options available to Latinos and Asian Americans are either to become white or to become brown.
Instead, she offers a wholly unique analysis of Latinos and Asian Americans own distinctive experiences—those that aren’t typically White nor Black. Though living alongside Whites and Blacks certainly frames some of their own identities and interpretations of race, O’Brien keenly observes that these groups struggles with discrimination, their perceived isolation from members of other races, and even how they define racial justice, are all significant realities that inform their daily lives and, importantly, influence their opportunities for advancement in society.
A refreshing and lively approach to understanding race and ethnicity in the twenty-first century, The Racial Middle gives voice to Latinos and Asian-Americans place in this country’s increasingly complex racial mosaic.
- Sales Rank: #258722 in Books
- Brand: Brand: NYU Press
- Published on: 2008-06-01
- Released on: 2008-06-01
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.00" h x .64" w x 6.00" l, .76 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 256 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
Review
“Well-organized, well-written, and engaging. I know of no other work that provides such an in-depth analysis of how Latinos and Asian-Americans define racial issues.”
-Woody Doane,co-editor of White Out: the Continuing Significance of Race
“She applies a sharp analysis to the informants’ racial views and experiences, producing some fascinating insights, e.g., the ‘pervasive impact’ of the US’s currently dominant color-blind racial ideology on those in the middle.”
"The Racial Middle allows us to hear the voices of Latinos and Asian Americans reflecting on their everyday experiences of racialization and how they navigate U.S. racial politics in complex and sometimes contradictory ways. The book provides a worthy point of departure from which future research can further analyze Latino and Asian American interactions with and attitudes toward whites and blacks."-Jane Hseu,Amerasia Journal
“Tells the story of the “in-between” racial and ethnic groups in America through in-depth interviews and analyses, explaining the recent phenomenon developing around discriminated and isolated Latino and Asian American groups.”
-Nichi Bei Times
“[T]his well-written book gives ample voice to the interviewees and would fit well into introductory classes on race/ethnicity. It offers useful insights in the process of making its argument.”-Journal of American Ethnic History
About the Author
Eileen O’Brien is Assistant Professor of Sociology at Christopher Newport University, Virginia. She is the author of Whites Confront Racism: Antiracists and Their Paths to Action and, with Joe Feagin, White Men on Race. She is the co-editor, with Joseph Healey, of Race, Ethnicity, and Gender: Selected Readings.
Most helpful customer reviews
4 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
Deft handling of the complexities of race today
By Bruce Reyes-Chow
It is not often that I read a book that simultaneously expands my knowledge base on social and cultural realities AND draws me into deep reflection upon my own life in the midst of the knowledge. What a gift Eileen O'Brien has given this cyclical armchair sociologist. Throughout the reading of The Radical Middle I found myself exhaling with deeps sighs of self awareness while being moved by the thoughtful way in which she has dug deeply into the lives of those who contributed to her study.
The Radical Middle is the account of what many of us have experienced who have lived a life in a world who's rhetoric around race is arguable controlled and guided by that of the White/Black dynamic. Those of us "brown" folks have been, for generations, stuck in the middle and much of society not knowing what do with us. Are you White? Are you Black? Where are you from? Where did you learn to speak English? "What are you?" This list of confusions goes on and on. Many of us know exactly what this cultural location feels like, we are adeptly able to shift from context to context without skipping a beat, but there are few who have captured this experience so well.
But . . . now addd to your list of books to read on race, The Radical Middle: Latinos and Asian American Living Beyond the Racial Divide by Eileen O'Brien.
While this book feel a little academic at times, especially the first chapter where we get a glimpse of the methods that were used, the rest of it is deft dance between the sharing of first account stories and experiences and O'Brien's insightful analysis and reflection. Throughout the book OBrien acknowledges and affirms the realities of this middle racial reality while challenging some of the ways that this group is still impacted by race, racism and the divide between White and Black.
Here are a few snippets from the book.
on self-understanding of race . . . Perhaps the most striking finding is that racial and ethnic categories operate more as sliding scales or continuums in the mind of respondents rather than hard and fast classifications. That is, one can conceive of race and ethnicity as continuous variables rather than categorical. Race and ethnicity appear to be "relative" designations that take shape for respondents as meaningful or salient categories for them depending on the context or who is surrounding them. - page 30
on the middle race's upholding of racist paradigms . . . When we look at this racial hierarchy from the vantage point of Latinos and Asian Americans themselves, we see that they are highly complicit in its maintenance. Leeway is given for white partners that is not given for blacks. Often antilock prohibitions are not explicitly stated, and are seen as taken for granted or matter-of-fact. - page 123
on the future of race . . . The future of race may be thus not in academic theories and racial terminology, but in the everyday experiences of the racial middle themselves, as they do the work of carving out a space that they ca call their own. This space values bilingualism, even multilingualism, language "of the world," whether or not they seem to correspond to one's particular ethnicity. This space values cultural traditions that do not emanate from the dominate culture, and welcomes the opportunity to celebrate multiple traditions simultaneously. - page 217
Needless to say, I would highly recommend this book for anyone who is interested what I would call an "emerging" reality of the racial landscape in the United States that will continue to affect all facets of American life: religious, political, social, cultural, etc. And yes, it does have a Kindle version.
6 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
In-depth interviews illuminate a changing America
By S. Barton
This is a fascinating and well-written book about the growing Asian American and Latino population and their views on and experience of race and ethnic relations in the U.S. It is based on fifty in depth interviews, presented in sufficient detail that you can draw your own conclusions and agree or disagree with the author's analysis. O'Brien starts with recent debates over how the addition of millions of people of Hispanic and Asian origin to what was once a predominantly white and African-American population is changing race relations in America. Some suggest that a new majority coalition of people of color and white allies will bring an end to racism. Others suggest that African-Americans will remain at the bottom of a racial hierarchy that is changing from white over non-white to non-black over black. O'Brien finds that there is evidence to support some aspects of both of these theories, and that the members of the "racial middle" have their own ideas and experiences to add to the mix.
The interviews provide an enlightening picture of the complex interaction of culture, ethnicity and race. The Asian Americans and Latinos in these interviews describe the ways in which they are pulled in different directions by the expectations of family and ethnic community, by their concepts of what it means to be an American, and by the stereotypes applied to them by white Americans. They are very aware of the ethnic diversity within their own "racial" groups, and dislike being racially stereotyped, yet they often stereotype the other groups they are not part of.
My major disagreement with O'Brien comes when she argues in Chapter Five that her Asian American and Latino interviewees are subject to pervasive white racism and that they are largely in denial of that fact. It appears to me that the people she interviews make a plausible case for their own views to the contrary. The interviewees say that they think much of the stereotyping they encounter (usually a presumption of "foreignness") is simple ignorance, and the examples they give seem to bear that out. When an older white American with a Japanese daughter-in-law is unable to comprehend that an Asian American woman he is speaking with at a social gathering grew up in America, speaks only English, is of Thai descent, and knows nothing about Japan, it seems quite a stretch to consider that racism rather than ignorance. Similarly, when people have never heard of Macao or Cambodia, that too is ignorance, however annoying it may be to people whose families originate in those places. And when several people say that the discrimination that they face as Asian Americans or Latinos is of a different and far less harmful nature than the discrimination faced by African-Americans, I see no reason for O'Brien to describe this as a form of denial or minimization of racism, especially since, in a somewhat different context she herself distinguishes between her respondents own "in-group ethnocentrism" and the "rigid inflexibility" that characterizes "anti-black racism" (p.101). It seems a very accurate statement.
In-depth interviews such as these can help distinguish between different types of ethnic prejudices, ranging from those that are largely based on ignorance, to those based on varying degrees of ethnocentrism to those based on racism. Historian George M. Fredrickson says that racism has two components, "one is a belief that the differences between the ethnic groups involved are permanent and ineradicable. If conversion or assimilation is a real possibility, we have religious or cultural intolerance but not racism. The second is ... its linkage to the exercise of power in the name of race and the resulting patterns of domination or exclusion" (Racism: A Short History, 2002). It is necessary to understand the differences between types of prejudice in order to develop policies to overcome them and it is not useful to simply label them all as "racism". Telles and Ortiz' recent book, Generations of Exclusion: Mexican Americans, Assimilation and Race (2008), sets an excellent example as it carefully distinguishes between impermeable racialized barriers and barriers that can be overcome and examines how the barriers against full equality have changed for four generations of Mexican Americans. However, their book is based on surveys and O'Brien's in depth interviews add an important dimension to our ability to understand people's lived experience, in addition to covering a wider range of ethnic groups.
O'Brien makes another important contribution in the book's concluding portrayal of several people she interviewed whose self-identification is multi-cultural and whose mixture of national origins, religious beliefs and languages spoken breaks out of stereotypes and transcends fixed racial identifications. This group wants to "change the rules of the racial game" because they identify with "complexity... rather than any homogenous identity". They value multilingualism and different cultural traditions and want to take what they consider best from each without being labeled as "acting white", "acting black", "acting (or not acting) Asian" or "acting (or not acting) Latino". Despite her generally pessimistic analysis of American race relations, O'Brien joins in the hope that this group helps point the way to a genuinely diverse American future.
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