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Renegade Revolutionary: The Life of General Charles Lee, by Phillip Papas
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Honorable Mention for the 2015 Book Award from the American Revolution Round Table of Richmond
Honorable Mention for the 2015 Fraunces Tavern Museum Book AwardIn November 1774, a pamphlet to the “People of America” was published in Philadelphia and London. It forcefully articulated American rights and liberties and argued that the Americans needed to declare their independence from Britain. The author of this pamphlet was Charles Lee, a former British army officer turned revolutionary, who was one of the earliest advocates for American independence. Lee fought on and off the battlefield for expanded democracy, freedom of conscience, individual liberties, human rights, and for the formal education of women.
Renegade Revolutionary: The Life of General Charles Lee is a vivid new portrait of one of the most complex and controversial of the American revolutionaries. Lee’s erratic behavior and comportment, his capture and more than one year imprisonment by the British, and his court martial after the battle of Monmouth in 1778 have dominated his place in the historiography of the American Revolution. This book retells the story of a man who had been dismissed by contemporaries and by history. Few American revolutionaries shared his radical political outlook, his cross-cultural experiences, his cosmopolitanism, and his confidence that the American Revolution could be won primarily by the militia (or irregulars) rather than a centralized regular army. By studying Lee’s life, his political and military ideas, and his style of leadership, we gain new insights into the way the American revolutionaries fought and won their independence from Britain.
- Sales Rank: #667216 in Books
- Published on: 2014-04-11
- Released on: 2014-04-11
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.02" h x 1.06" w x 5.98" l, 1.75 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 410 pages
Review
“Papas study examines the importance of the citizen-soldier in the struggle for liberty and challenges readers to reexamine an understudied advocate of Republican thought.”-New Perspectives on the Eighteenth Century
"In Renegade Revolutionary, Phillip Papas, in hopes of resuscitating Lee and situating him alongside more celebrated English immigrant, Thomas Paine, provides a sympathetic and nuanced context for Lee’s role in the Revolutionary War. He creates a full portrait of the man who failed to win the hearts of the revolutionaries.” -American Historical Review
“In Renegade Revolutionary, Papas succeeds in deciphering the enigma that was Charles Lee. He also recreates the different worlds in Europe and America that shaped this inspiring and infuriating soldier. This well researched and thoughtful volume represents a major contribution to Revolutionary War history.”-On Point
"In this beautifully written biography of General Charles Lee, Papas has rescued a fascinating and important figure from the sidelines of American Revolutionary history and given him the centrality he deserves. Papas draws a compelling portrait of a complex and contradictory 18th century man: an aristocrat more democratic than most native born revolutionaries; a humanist more comfortable with his dogs than with people; and a feminist in a patriarchal world. Charles Lee emerges from these pages as one of the few men bold enough to challenge George Washington's judgment and one of the most articulate visionaries of the future that was possible for America."-Carol Berkin,Presidential Professor of History, Emerita, Baruch College & The Graduate Center, CUNY
"Did General Charles Lee or General George Washington have the right strategy to win the Revolutionary War? Readers may end up debating the question with the passion that divided the Americans of 1776. But this much is certain. With deft touches and shrewd insights, Phillip Papas has restored to vivid life a major figure in America’s past."-Thomas Fleming,author of Liberty! The American Revolution
"Papas has written a marvelous book about the bristling, impetuous eccentric that was General Charles Lee, whose pageant of a life included soldiering against Iroquois Indians, Spanish expansionists, Ottoman Turks, and Polish insurgents – all this before he made himself a historical figure in the American Revolution. Papas not only covers the controversies surrounding Lee’s capture by the British and his comportment at the Battle of Monmouth, but he also explains the nuts and bolts of 18th-century military life, be it battlefield formations or officer commissions in the British army. Papas’s subject evokes the sprawling novels of Henry Fielding and Daniel Defoe, full of adventures, pathos, and ambition."-Judith Van Buskirk,author of Generous Enemies: Patriots and Loyalists in Revolutionary New York
"Mr. Papas argues that Lee's contributions to the winning of American independence, both as a propagandist and as a soldier, deserve recognition . . . [a] soundly researched and readable book that can be recommended."-Wall Street Journal
"Meet the strangest hero of the American Revolution. Gen. Charles Lee, Papas writes, was a manic-depressive who was more comfortable around dogs than people, but he was also an early advocate of US independence, human rights and education for women."-New York Post
"Papas does an exceptional job portraying this complicated personality, mostly through the correspondence of those who knew him. But far from being limited in scope, Renegade Revolutionary offers a vivid insight into the politics and strategies of the American Revolution. Whether readers finish feeling Lee was more scapegoat than scoundrel, they will feel it was worth the journey of discovery.” -Journal of America's Military Past
“In so many words, Papas wisely concludes that the verdict against Lee reflected army politics; further, he sees the Congressional decision to sustain the verdict as a matter of public policy rather than a matter of justice. . . . Papas has fleshed out the record and told the story well.”-Journal of Military History
"While admitting Lee’s faults, the author rehabilitates the much-maligned general and shows that in many ways he was ahead of his time, advocating for independence much earlier than most leaders and recognizing that the war could not be won with traditional European tactics unsuited to American conditions. Thoroughly researched and documented.”-Choice
"Renegade Revolutionary is a revisionist book which corrects historical misimpressions of Charles Lee as bizarre, opinionated, abrupt, and morose to the neglect of his erudition, intellectual courage, social radicalism, and capacity for military professionalism. But it is revisionism with a light touch. Almost every paragraph exhibits the author's determination to understand and explore Lee's character—including his bipolar mood swings—and to respect the readers' curiosity and capacity for balanced judgment. Alternately calling his subject 'Charles' when presenting instances of his complex humanity and 'Lee' when reporting objective fact, Phillip Papas strikes the kind of balance that Charles Lee unsuccessfully sought to exhibit to his contemporaries—especially the American people whose Revolution mattered more to him that personal vindication that he knew he could do little to garner."-Robert M. Calhoon,author of Political Moderation in America's First Two Centuries
About the Author
Phillip Papas is Associate Professor of History and Chairperson of the Economics, Government, and History Department at Union County College in Cranford, New Jersey.
Most helpful customer reviews
14 of 14 people found the following review helpful.
Definitive Lee
By VA Duck
Charles Lee, former British officer turned American Major General and Washington's 2nd in command must be one of, if not THE oddest and inevitably poorly told stories of the Revolution. There are a few other accounts and biographies available, a recent one, Dominic Mazzagetti's, Charles Lee: Self Before Country is quite good, but most of the rest read muddled and obscure, treating Lee's American adventure in a 'mysterious' (or poorly researched?) fashion. Phillip Papas, with this book, has removed the fog, confusion and mystery of General Charles Lee. In fact Mr. Lee was an ODD case, or rather wildly eccentric and probably a sufferer of what we now call bi-polar syndrome. What is surprisingly revealed in this book is just how influential and popular and respected Lee was by his American contemporaries prior to hostilities and for some time during the war and yet he makes practically no mark in today's "popular" history - known instead mainly by academics and history aficionados.
Papas delivers a deliberately paced - and impressively researched biography and one that finalizes the definition of his subject, Charles Lee. The author's style is straightforward with events presented in a deliberately evidence-like manner. There is no vengeance or favoritism shown the subject and competing points of view, opinions and conclusions are all recognized. Curiously, Papas spends few pages or even paragraphs on the damning, "Mr. Lee's plan..., a handwritten evidence ('discovered' 80 years after Lee's death) of at least collusion with the enemy and probably treason against the American cause. At a minor aside, Papas outruns his own research vis Dr. Benjamin Rush when he sighs, "The level-headed Rush never sent [Lee's rant] letter" (loc. 4995). If there is anything that Rush was NOT... see Brodsky's, Benjamin Rush: Patriot and Physician. Chapters 24-26 of Newton's Alexander Hamilton: The Formative Years also contain interesting Charles Lee history.
If you know little of Charles Lee this is the book you could start and end with; if you know Lee you will certainly want to add this book to your reading. It is thorough, well-done, and definitive. Five stars should be a tall order, but this book earns them.
-----kindle edition-----
Well done implementing nearly all of e-book functionality ignoring only x-ray and (unfortunately) page numbers. The publisher includes a good number of portraits of the principals as well as maps of military battles or maneuvers. Surprisingly, even the index is hyperlinked back to the text - a feature most other publishers have skimped - saving them the cost. There are 6-7 places in chapter 14 that have the word 'Monmouth' accidentally inserted into unrelated sentences (an errant 'global replace' in the manuscript?); an editorial nit and not enough to detract from the ★★★★★ for New York University publishers.
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Valuable contribution to the study of the American Revolution
By W. B Crews
Charles Lee has always been a mysterious figure in the American Revolution. If one wanted a villain to oppose George Washington, Lee would be your man. Intelligent but crass and uncultured he somehow collected admirers male and female alike. Most Americans, if they know of Lee at all, know of the Conway Cabal and Monmouth.
Dr. Papas does an admirable job of developing a narrative that introduces the reader to a much more nuanced man, one who was a believer in the Revolution before some of the Founding Fathers, though his view of the Revolution would have much more in common with the French Revolution than what actually transpired. He was a prolific pamphleteer who may very well have influenced Thomas Paine. He had a fluency in languages. He was well read. He was born into the minor gentry and his father was both wealthy and politically connected enough to be appointed as colonel of a regiment. In short, Lee was born with all the opportunities and talents for success and but for his inability to master his own tongue could have looked forward to retiring from the British Army as a general officer with a knighthood.
Though Papas generally avoids that bete noire of the biographer, a romance with one's subject, there are times when one feels that Papas gives Lee too much of the benefit of the doubt. For instance, even though Papas may very well be correct in his estimation that Lee's post-Monmouth court-martial was more political score settling than a fair finding of fact, he glosses over Lee's rather monumental failings (no reconnaissance, no plan, and virtually absent from the scene of action) which should have resulted in Lee's removal from active command. In fact, Lee's signal victory at Charleston is actually a foreshadowing of his failings as a combat commander.
There are also some interesting relationships that are left unexplored that could serve to explain some aspects of Lee's story. For instance, Lee and Washington were well acquainted before Lee joined the Revolution. Lee was a lieutenant in the 44th Foot while Washington was a gentleman volunteer on Braddock's staff. Horatio Gates commanded an independent company. Adam Stephen, with whom Lee collaborated in the defense of Virginia, commanded a company of Virginia militia. These men all knew each other and, in the confines the small officer's mess in Braddock's army, would have developed opinions of one another.
Papas fails to give Washington his due for adapting Lee's theories of warfare to the war Washington and the Continental Congress wanted to fight. For instance, the British defeats at First Trenton, Second Trenton, and during the subsequent Forage War that expelled the British from New Jersey were possible because Washington did use the New Jersey and Pennsylvania militia units available to harass British outposts and make movement and foraging very hazardous.
These, however, are quibbles. Papas's book should be read by any serious student of the American revolution.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Lee Was Usually Right
By Semicollegiate
Murray Rothbard ( Concieved in Liberty Vol 4) presented ( to me) General Charles Lee as the only American General, from a political and cultural point of view. General Washington wanted a European style army and most likely thought of society and government in traditional European terms. Lee thought more in newer terms of reason and liberty for all. Lee would have conducted the Revolutionary War along those lines, relying on mostly local voluntary militia guerrilla war to drain the British treasury.
Phillip Papas gives the facts of the life General Lee without any Libertarian lobbying or counter factual speculation.
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