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World War I heralded a new global era of warfare, consolidating and expanding changes that had been building throughout the previous century, while also instituting new notions of war. The 1914-18 conflict witnessed the first aerial bombing of civilian populations, the first widespread concentration camps for the internment of enemy alien civilians, and an unprecedented use of civilian labor and resources for the war effort. Humanitarian relief programs for civilians became a common feature of modern society, while food became as significant as weaponry in the fight to win.
Tammy M. Proctor argues that it was World War I—the first modern, global war—that witnessed the invention of both the modern “civilian” and the “home front,” where a totalizing war strategy pitted industrial nations and their citizenries against each other. Civilians in a World at War, 1914-1918, explores the different ways civilians work and function in a war situation, and broadens our understanding of the civilian to encompass munitions workers, nurses, laundresses, refugees, aid workers, and children who lived and worked in occupied zones, on home and battle fronts, and in the spaces in between. Comprehensive and global in scope, spanning the Eastern, Western, Italian, East African, and Mediterranean fronts, Proctor examines in lucid and evocative detail the role of experts in the war, the use of forced labor, and the experiences of children in the combatant countries.
As in many wars, civilians on both sides of WWI were affected, and vast displacements of the populations shaped the contemporary world in countless ways, redrawing boundaries and creating or reviving lines of ethnic conflict. Exploring primary source materials and secondary studies of combatant and neutral nations, while synthesizing French, German, Dutch, and English language sources, Proctor transcends the artificial boundaries of national histories and the exclusive focus on soldiers. Instead she tells the fascinating and long-buried story of the civilian in the Great War, allowing voices from the period to speak for themselves.
- Sales Rank: #1414018 in Books
- Brand: Brand: NYU Press
- Published on: 2010-08-30
- Released on: 2010-08-30
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.02" h x 1.00" w x 5.98" l, 1.42 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 377 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
From Publishers Weekly
At least 19 countries were involved in fighting WWI, creating a vast amount of ground to cover for the writer intent on chronicling the experiences of the war's civilians, and though Proctor has done her research, her text never comes alive. She focuses on civilian contributions to the war efforts, the refugee camp experience, and normal citizens caught in fighting, but rarely takes more than a cursory glance at any particular moment or, indeed, civilian. More likely is the single page that finds her narrative jumping between British East Africa, rural Russia, Baghdad, South Africa, and Syria, making it impossible for readers to know or care for anyone involved. Proctor clogs passages with facts about government-imposed food and price controls and attempts to prove contentions that many will find obvious, such as her wish to demonstrate that "despite differences of political structure, language, age, race, gender, class and geographical location, civilians in all countries faced many of the same challenges in making sense of the war..." By focusing on the sameness of experience, the author misses out on more fertile ground. Illus. (Aug.)
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Review
"Carefully researched and well-organized, Civilians in a World at War is an excellent overview of the effects of World War I on civilians. Combining specific stories and life experiences with a detailed discussion of the changes, the author provides insight inot one of the most important developments in the 20th century - what she terms the invention of the modern civilian."-J.W. Thacker,Park City Daily News
"Civilians in a World at War provides an engaging international overview of civilians' experiences between 1914 and 1918, and will be of interest to both scholarly and non-academic readers."-Claudia Siebrecht,European History Quarterly
"It is important to recognize the breadth of possible civilian experiences, and Proctor certainly achieves this."-David Mongor,Journal of Contemporary History
“Proctor offers a comprehensive analysis of the impact of World War I on the ways men and women not in uniform functioned in an environment that pitted not only armies but citizens against each other. This is easily the best work of its kind to emerge from the new generation of scholars who are expanding the horizons of Great War studies.”
-Dennis Showalter,Colorado College
"In this excellent, astute work, historian Proctor explains that the creation of citizen-armies by widespread international conscription and recruiting campaigns during WWI ensured that noncombatants also were mired in warfare, taking over the responsibilities of men who had been called up, sustaining at long distance the morale of their loved ones in uniform, dealing with food rationing and epidemics, or providing medical care, entertainment or sex to troops who were far from their homes."
-E.J. Jenkins,Choice Magazine
"A welcome addition to the scholarship on the Great War. It is a must-read for any graduate students studying the conflict."-Christopher Fischer,Journal of World History
“A powerful and important book that turns our attention to the often understudied experiences of civilians at war. Civilians in a World at War, 1914-1918, makes a major contribution not only to the history of World War I but to the history of civilians involved in war before and since.”
-Michael S. Neiberg,author of Fighting the Great War: A Global History
"Tammy M. Proctor's Civilians in a World at War is a thoughtful and intelligent synthesis which considers both the variety of civilian experiences and the way in which the First World War shaped and reshaped the very concept of 'civilian.' Proctor's work ranges widely across existing secondary literature but also includes significant archival investigation of sources, some of which are familiar and some less so. This is emphatically not just a survey of the various 'Home Fronts' but rather a consideration of what it was to be a civilian in this great global conflict."-Adrian Gregory,First World War Studies
"Proctor has pieced together a beautiful book...[her] final achievement is not to simply give these women a voice but to establish herself as one of the most important historians of the Great War."-Nicole Dombrowski Risser,The Journal of Modern History
About the Author
Tammy M. Proctor is professor of history at Wittenberg University in Springfield, Ohio. She is the author of On My Honour: Guides and Scouts in Interwar Britain, Scouting for Girls: A Century of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts, and Female Intelligence: Women and Espionage in the First World War (NYU Press).
Most helpful customer reviews
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
The creation of the civilian mythology
By Linda S. Andrews
While I found the book interesting and full of wonderful resources for further reading, I came away with two notions—World War 1 was a preview of things to come (and perhaps the root of future evil, although this seems illogical in the face of human nature) and that the term civilian is a propaganda construct that endures today. While the idea of civilian was certain unique, the author seems to vacillate in whether she actually believes such a thing exists. Her case that a civilian never existed might have been better reinforced if she had drawn parallels to the treatment of noncombatants prior to WW1 (although there are a few nods here and there) rather than focusing almost exclusively on the revolutions and wars that followed.
After reading the book, I concluded that WW1 was applying industrialization to efficiently kill the enemy, mobilize those unfit for fighting and disposing of the rest. And it also sowed the seeds of future governments by uttering the word self-determination.
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