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2011 Honorable Mention for the American Sociological Association Community and Urban Section's Robert E. Park Book Award
The color of clothing, the width of shoe laces, a pierced ear, certain brands of sneakers, the braiding of hair and many other features have long been seen as indicators of gang involvement. But it’s not just what is worn, it’s how: a hat tilted to the left or right, creases in pants, an ironed shirt not tucked in, baggy pants. For those who live in inner cities with a heavy gang presence, such highly stylized rules are not simply about fashion, but markers of "who you claim," that is, who one affiliates with, and how one wishes to be seen.
In this carefully researched ethnographic account, Robert Garot provides rich descriptions and compelling stories to demonstrate that gang identity is a carefully coordinated performance with many nuanced rules of style and presentation, and that gangs, like any other group or institution, must be constantly performed into being. Garot spent four years in and around one inner city alternative school in Southern California, conducting interviews and hanging out with students, teachers, and administrators. He shows that these young people are not simply scary thugs who always have been and always will be violent criminals, but that they constantly modulate ways of talking, walking, dressing, writing graffiti, wearing make-up, and hiding or revealing tattoos as ways to play with markers of identity. They obscure, reveal, and provide contradictory signals on a continuum, moving into, through, and out of gang affiliations as they mature, drop out, or graduate. Who You Claim provides a rare look into young people’s understandings of the meanings and contexts in which the magic of such identity work is made manifest.
- Sales Rank: #1911824 in Books
- Brand: Brand: NYU Press
- Published on: 2010-02-01
- Released on: 2010-02-01
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.00" h x .68" w x 6.00" l, .81 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 272 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
Review
“Garot has provided deep insight into an inner‒city alternative school showing how self identity can change and adjust to the surrounding circumstances and why gang identity is a variable that defies a fixed characterization.”
-Diego Vigil,author of The Projects: Gang and Non‒Gang Families in East Los Angeles
“Written with the ink of theory, passion, fine attention to method and ethics, Garot represents with dignity the complex and strategic maneuverings of youth in gangs as he represents with humility the equally complex negotiations of a white guy ethnographer working with, for and beside urban youth.”
-Michelle Fine,co-author of Silenced Voices and Extraordinary Conversations: Re-Imagining Schools
“[A] beautifully complex picture of youth identity….Who You Claim is a ‘must-read’ for scholars interested not just in gangs, but also in youth identity, education, urban neighborhoods, and violence more generally.”-Andrew V. Papachristos,Contemporary Sociology
“Path breaking and precedent-setting. Robert Garot has appreciated what no one has before, the essential shadow quality of urban gangs, which are not so much things one can be in as they are things danced around, avoided, played with, and very occasionally, practically invoked.”
-Jack Katz,author of How Emotions Work
“Garot should be commended for his well-written, exceptionally insightful school ethnography... I teach graduate courses on cultural differences and educational research, and plan to use this book as an example of how to design, execute, and present exemplary research, and most importantly, how to represent historically marginalized young people accurately, ethically, and in a manner that reveals their humanity in dehumanizing circumstances.”-Annette Hemmings, Teachers College Record
"I cannot recommend this book enough. I should add that it is highly readable at undergraduate levels. They should make it mandatory reading for criminologists and law enforcement members."-Global Sociology Blog
About the Author
Robert Garot is Assistant Professor of Sociology in the John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York.
Most helpful customer reviews
11 of 12 people found the following review helpful.
What is a gang?
By Karen Franklin
A group of violent thugs? A social club? Troubled, homeless losers who are "hard to love"?
And what is gang membership? Is it a fixed identity, or something fluid, which urban youngsters claim or don't claim according to external circumstances and the flow of their lives?
How can we explain why, even in the roughest neighborhoods, at most 10% of youths belong to street gangs? Who are the other nine out of ten, and how do they negotiate survival without affiliation?
Robert Garot, now an assistant sociology professor at John Jay College of Criminal Justice, is ideally situated to take a stab at these difficult questions. For four years while he was in college, he volunteered off and on at an inner-city continuation school in Southern California. Conducting ethnographic interviews with 46 students, he explored how the youths themselves chose to position themselves in relation to the local gangs, and to violence and street life more generally.
In the course of research, he came to believe that superficial anti-gang pogroms, in which schools ban certain colors and styles, do nothing to improve safety or reduce the influence of gangs. Indeed, they may paradoxically increase gangs' allure as a means of resistance against a "counterfeit," alienating educational bureaucracy intent on stifling their creativity and hope.
Garot sets himself apart from the pathologizing lens through which most criminology researchers -- due in part to funding structures that favor the status quo -- approach gangs. Instead, he views gangs as one of many ways for youths to "stylistically remake the world," a tool that some youths in impoverished environments bend to their needs and then discard when no longer useful. This nuanced lens would give more credibility to anti-gang violence campaigns, by acknowledging the mixed, sometimes-positive role gangs can play in communities where official neglect has created a vacuum.
Although Garot backs into his material, getting off to a slow start by reciting dry academic theory, he hits his stride when presenting his observations and case studies. Particularly interesting are his first-hand observations, rare in academic discourse, of fights, and his analyses of the complexities surrounding such street rituals as "hitting up" (demanding to know someone's affiliation) and "ranking out" (claiming no gang), which young people in this community had to master in order to survive.
The essential message: Beware of reifying gangs as fixed and essential components of identity, when even their members do not see them as such. As urban centers create increasingly fluid and multi-faceted possibilities for identity -- witness cuisines such as Polish-Brazilian and Mexican-Korean -- identity is becoming much more malleable and flexible than a narrow, unidimensional, and pejorative focus would lead us to believe.
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
It makes a great case (because it is too often ignored) for recognising ...
By Don
I added a comment to one of the three (at time of writing) one star reviews before I had time to read more than a short extract of the book. Now I have read more I am more convinced that the negative comments stem from those with a vested interest in the gangs 'industry'.
This is a insightful book that makes all the important qualifications needed to avoid over-identifying gangs and stigmatising young people for being tainted by association. It makes a great case (because it is too often ignored) for recognising the error of reducing people to simplistic labels - no matter how much they may wave the label around as if it is the centre of their life... it may be the centre in that moment but we know from the age-crime curve where the points of transition are. The desistence literature also tells us that it is easier if the pathways out are not strewn with obstacles (of the kind produced by "over" responding).
The book does a good job of picking out the nuances without losing sigh of the structural imperatives. The only niggle I had was that he may have become closer to the lives of the girls than the boys (at least in sympathy). Some of the assertions about the boys appeared lacking the back-stage sympathetic ear the girls obtained. I could be wrong in that impressionistic assessment but I didn't see anything to challenge it.
3 of 15 people found the following review helpful.
Not Reality!
By E. McDermott
This book is written by a professor and that is exactly what you get, a bunch of academic intellectual "hogwash". This so-called expert went into his project with a bias and that was all he did the entire book was prove his own bias on Gangs. I got this book hoping it could help with "stopping" or "preventing" gangs in school because I work as a school resource police officer; however, this book is nothing but a bash fest on any gang enforcement or gang prevention. I felt as though he was almost "glorifying" gangs. There are no comments from any school security officers, police officers, gang detectives, probation officers, or corrections officers anywhere in this book! I think "the professor" needs to get out of the classroom, ride with a law enforcement gang unit, and see that "colors" get you killed in the real world! Being a so-called "wanna be" will also get you killed in the real world! It is easy to say such happy go lucky things about gangs when you don't have to clean up their dead bodies or tell their mother's they were killed because they CAME TO SCHOOL WEARING THE WRONG COLOR!!
Save your money and pass on this book.
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